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Objective:To evaluate the effect of the timing of peripancreatic drainage on the survival outcome of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods:This retrospective study included 271 patients with SAP admitted to two tertiary hospitals from January 2015 to December 2019. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health EvaluationⅡ score (APACHEⅡ), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (SOFA), computed tomography (CT) grade, peripancreatic drainage situations, and survival outcome of patients were recorded. Patients were divided into the early and non-early peripancreatic catheter drainage groups (EPCD and non-EPCD). The data were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazard model for propensity score matching (PSM) and stratification.Results:After PSM, the 30-day and 90-day risk of death between the EPCD and non-EPCD groups were significantly different (0.134, 95% CI: 0.029-0.576, P=0.007; 0.166, 95% CI: 0.044-0.631, P=0.008, respectively). Furthermore, stratified analysis revealed significant differences in 30-day and 90-day risk of death between the EPCD and non-EPCD groups when the SOFA score was≥4 or the APACHEⅡ score was ≥8. Conclusions:For patients with SAP with SOFA score ≥4 or APACHEⅡ score≥8, early peripancreatic drainage can reduce the risk of death, but CT grading is not helpful for the decision-making of drainage timing in patients with SAP.
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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) become a heavy burden of public health, with approximately 300 000 newly diagnosed cases and 145 000 deaths worldwide per year. Nucleotide metabolism fuel DNA replication and RNA synthesis, which is indispensable for cell proliferation. But how tumor cells orchestrate nucleotide metabolic enzymes to support their rapid growth is largely unknown. Here we show that expression of pyrimidine metabolic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is upregulated in OSCC tissues, compared to non-cancerous adjacent tissues. Enhanced expression of DHODH is correlated with a shortened patient survival time. Inhibition of DHODH by either shRNA or selective inhibitors impairs proliferation of OSCC cells and growth of tumor xenograft. Further, loss of functional DHODH imped de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and disrupt mitochondrial respiration probably through destabilizing the MICOS complex. Mechanistic study shows that transcriptional factor SOX2 plays an important role in the upregulation of DHODH in OSCC. Our findings add to the knowledge of how cancer cells co-opt nucleotide metabolism to support their rapid growth, and thereby highlight DHODH as a potential prognostic and therapeutic target for OSCC treatment.
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Humans , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Proliferation , Head and Neck Neoplasms , Mouth Neoplasms , Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors , SOXB1 Transcription Factors , Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and NeckABSTRACT
Objective To analyzes the biomechanical and dynamic characteristics of human body during exercise on elliptical cross trainer. Methods An elliptical cross trainer model and a human skeletal muscle model were built by three-dimensional (3D) modeling software and AnyBody software, respectively, which were then coupled and simulated. Results During exercise on elliptical cross trainer, the lumbar spine L5 was subjected to the maximum force 1023 kN, and the maximum activation of external oblique and internal oblique muscles were 80% and 40%, respectively. The maximum muscle activation in lower limb muscle groups did not exceed 40%, and the maximum plantar ground reaction force was 600 N. Conclusions The use of elliptical cross trainer can alleviate the pain of patients with chronic low back pain, and help to improve the trunk control and balance function of patients with stroke and hemiplegia. Compared with running exercise, exercise on elliptical cross trainer can protect the human knee joint.
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Objective To observe the dynamic changes of myocardial structure and dysfunction during post-resuscitation period in order to establish a rat mode of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction after cardiac arrest resulted from electric stimulation-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) assigned into post-resuscitation (PR) 4 h,PR 12 h,PR 24 h,PR 72 h and sham groups.VF was induced by an alternating electric current delivered to the right ventricular endocardium and untreated for 8 min.Biphasic waveform defibrillation was attempted and mechanical ventilation was synchronized after 6 min of CPR.Myocardial function was assessed with serum myocardial enzyme activity,echocardiography,mitochondrial respiratory function and histopathologic findings at different intervals.Results Thirty-two animals were successfully resuscitated with restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in 86％ (32/37) rats.Compared with sham group,severe systolic and diastolic heart failure were found at 4 h after ROSC and then gradually improved without significant difference (P ＞0.05) in ejection fraction at PR 72 h after ROSC was found,whereas thickened ventricular wall and increased myocardial performance index as well as interstitial proliferation were observed at 72 h after ROSC.Conclusions A rat model of post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction after cardiac arrest resulted from electric stimulation-induced VF and CPR was successfully established.
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Objective To explore the effect of Ganoderma lucidum extract (GLE) on immune function of Walker256 ascites rats and its mechanisms.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:control group,model group,high-dose GLE group,medium-dose GLE group,low-dose GLE group and cisplatin group according to different treatments,with 10 rats in each group.After the Walker-256 ascites rat model was successfully established,the rats in the low-dose,medium-dose and high-dose GLE groups were intragastrically administered with 0.84,1.68 and 3.36 g/(kg · d) GLE,respectively,twice a day,2 mL each time,for 14 days;the rats in the cisplatin group were intraperitoneally injected with 0.004 g/(kg · d) cisplatin in normal saline once a week;the rats in control group and model group were intragastrically administered with normal saline,2 mL each time,twice a day for 14 days.The general health status of the rats of each group were observed,the mass of ascites was tested,the spleen,thymus and kidney indexes were calculated,and the renal function was measured.Flow cytometry was used to measure the cell cycles of thymus and bone marrow cells,the distributions of T lymphocyte subsets and the number of NK cells in peripheral blood.Serum immune cytokine protein chip was used to measure the serum levels of immune cytokines of rots in the control group,model group and medium-dose GLE group.Results GLE significantly reduced the mass of ascites in rats (P＜ 0.05).Compared with the control group,thymus,spleen and kidney were damaged in the model group and cisplatin group,and treating rats with GLE significantly increased the thymus index and renal indexes,and significantly decreased serum creatinine and urea nitrogen (P＜0.05).G0/G1 phase arrest was significantly induced in the thymus and bone marrow cells in the model group and the cisplatin group (P＜0.05);and GLE significantly reduced the arrest of G0/G1 phase and significantly induced the transformation of thymus and bone marrow cells to G2/M and S phases (P＜0.05).GLE significantly increased the number of CD4+ cells,the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ ceils and the number of NK cells,and significantly decreased the number of CD8+ cells in the peripheral blood of rats as compared with the model group (P＜0.05).Compared with the model groups,the expressions of interferon-γ (IFN-γ),interleukin (IL)-1α,IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum of the rats in medium-dose GLE group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Conclusion GLE can effectively reduce the generation of ascites and improve immune function in Walker-256 ascites rats,and has no renal damage effect compared with cisplatin.
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Objective To investigate the protective role of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) in post-resuscitation myocardial dysfunction (PRMD) in rat models of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods Cardiopulmonary resuscitation model was established after cardiac arrest induced by ventricular fibrillation.Male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number) divided into 4 groups according to random number table:control group,CORM-2 group,inactive CORM-2 (iCORM-2) group and Sham group,in which the equal volume (1 mL) of 0.2％ DMSO,50 μmol/kg CORM-2,50 μmol/kg iCORM-2 and 0.2％ DMSO were respectively administered into the rats of these groups after resuscitation.The ejection fraction (EF) of left ventricle and myocardial performance index (MPI) were measured to detect the myocardial function by echocardiography at 12 hours after resuscitation.Mitochondrial respiration was assessed with Clark oxygen electrode at the same time.Western blot was used to determine the ratio of mitochondrial cytochrome c (cyt c) to cytoplasmic cyt c as well as caspase-3 level.Multiple comparisons were made by analysis of variance.Results Compared with the control group,higher EF and MPI,higher state Ⅲ respiration rate and respiratory control rate (RCR) of mitochondria,and decreased ratio of mitochondrial cytc/cytoplasmic cyt c and lower caspase-3 level were observed in the CORM-2 group (P ＜ 0.05).However,there were no significant differences in above biomarkers found between iCORM-2 group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The CO released from CORM-2 might improve mitochondrial respiration and PRMD by inhibition of myocardial apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway.
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Objective To compare the difference in cardiac injuries between asphyxia and ventricular fibrillation modes in different periods after cardiac arrest (CA).Methods The model was established in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Lab,Sun Yat-sen University.A total of 35 male SD rats were used to produce the asphyxia or ventricular fibrillation (VF) cardiac arrest models randomly.Both of the two modes were induced 8 minutes cardiac arrest.The myocardial HE stains,mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR),and echocardiography were observed at 4 h,24 h and 72 h after ROSC (restoration of spontaneous circulation).The results were expressed as (-x ± s),t test was performed to compare between two groups,and one way analysis of variance was used to compare multiple groups.P ＜ 0.05 was considered as significant difference.Results HE stains showed damages were more serious in the VF mode than in asphyxia mode at 4 h,and both of them had a disorderly-arranged myocardium at 72 h.RCR in VF mode became worse at 4 h,and RCR resumed at 24 h in both modes without significant difference compared with the sham operated rats.The echocardiography showed VF mode had a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) than asphyxia mode at 4 h (29.68％ vs.42.16％,P =0.03),and there was no difference in LVEF between VF mode and the sham operated rats at 24 h,however no difference in LVEF between the asphyxia and sham operated rats at 72 h.Both of them had a thicker left ventricular anterior wall than the sham operated rats at 72 h (2.41 mm vs.1.72 mm,P=0.013; 2.61 mmvs.1.72 mm,P=0.007),and there was no significant difference between them.Conclusions The ventricular fibrillation mode has a more severe injuries in early period,but it recovers sooner than asphyxia one.Both of two groups get compensatory left ventricular hypertrophy in later period of ROSC.
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Objective To study the adjuvant immunoactivity of polysaccharides from Panax japonicus by alcohol of different concentrations;To discuss its part with the strongest adjuvant immunoactivity. Methods Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus was sunk with alcohol of different concentrations, and 30%alcohol compound, 60%and 90%alcohol polysaccharide were obtained. Different segments of polysaccharide and OVA protein were injected to mice once a week for three times for immunity. Five days after the last immunity, the mice were executed to collect blood, and the antibody titer was determined. The three parts of alcohol compound were scanned by infrared spectrum to determine the type of polysaccharide preliminarily. Results Compared with the control group, the antibody titer of different segments of polysaccharide obviously increased, especially the polysaccharide sunk by 60%alcohol. Infrared spectrum analysis showed that polysaccharides from Panax japonicus contained pyranose ring structure. Conclusion Polysaccharides from Panax japonicus has significant adjuvant immunoactivity, and polysaccharide sunk by 60%alcohol has the strongest adjuvant effects.
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The aim was to establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Rhizoma Panacis Japonici for its quality evaluation. Analysis was performed on a YMC-Pack ODS-AQ column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile(A) and 5% acetic acid solution (B) at in gradient a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The elution program was as follow: 0-5 min, changed from 20% A to 40% A, 5-20 min, kept 40% A. The temperature of column was 30 degrees C. The temperate of drift tube was 40 degrees C, and the nitrogen pressure was 33 Psi. Ten batches of Rhizoma Panacis japonici were determined. The HPLC-ELSD chromatographic fingerprint of chemical constituents was established from the 10 batches of Rhizoma Panacis japonici and it had 9 characteristic common peaks. The 10 batches of samples were classified into 2 cluster by cluster analysis. Furthermore, five known chemical constuituents were identified after isolation and purification by means of silica gel column chromatography, and semi-preparative high performance liquid chromatography. They were panaxsaponins Re, chikusetsusaponins IV, IVa, V and pjs-2, respectively. This study provided experimental data for comprehensive evaluation of the quality of Rhizoma Panacis japonici.
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Cluster Analysis , Organic Chemicals , Chemistry , Panax , Chemistry , Rhizome , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the protective effects of pentoxifylline on gastric mucosal injury in rats with endotoxemia. Methods 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups : sham operated control group (C group) ,LPS group and PTX group. The serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β) levels in each group were measured. The immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression of the ICAM-1 in the gastric mucosal tissues. Results The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum in LPS group were higher than those in C group (P <0.01). The level of ICAM-1 in the gastric mucosal tissues in LPS group was higher than those in sham operated control group(P < 0.01). After FIX treatment, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum in PTX group were lower than those in LPS group(P < 0.01) and the level of ICAM-1 in the hepatic tissues in PTX group was also lower than those in LPS group(P <0.01). Conclusions TNF-α,IL-1β and ICAM-1 take part in the progress of gastric mucosal inju-ry in rats with endotoxemia. PTX can eliminate the gastric mueesa injury and protect the gastric mucosal tissues by downregulating the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and ICAM-1.
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The paper studied the textual research and the original meaning of 'the liver is the essence of Piji'.It believed that 'the liver is the essence of Piji' contained the main physiological functions of liver but not specific function,and to be expressed through the main functions of liver.It should be understood as regulating the base of human life activities.It revealed the main physiological functions of liver from another aspect,so as to help sub-health research and clinic.
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To propose a new pattern for quality control and evaluation of Chinese materia medica(CMM).The limitation of quality control pattern for CMM was investigated and a new method for quality evaluation has been explored and designed,combining with the introduction on the conception of matter-element evaluation model and its application to product quality evaluation in value engineering,as well as the research survey on the spectrum-activity relationship of CMM.The new method for quality evaluation referred to the results of research concerning the spectrum-activity relationship of CMM.Taking the quality grade,quality index,and chemical composition of CMM as matter-elements,the evaluated grades and tested data were normalized to establish the matter-element model.With the establishment of the improved quality control method,which is in accordance with the basic characteristics of CMM,it is expected that the safety,efficiency,and quality stability of CMM could be ensured and a new scientific research strategy and technological support could be provided to promote the modernization of CMM.